Atmega 168 Atmega 328 Atmega 1280 Atmega 2560 For 3 phase induction motor speed controller
ATmega 168 ATmega 328 P
// Support 7 Segments Show Hz 15/07/2017
// Import SevSeg Library : https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/SevenSegmentLibrary
#include "arduino.h" //Store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM
#include "avr/pgmspace.h"
#include "avr/io.h"
#include "SevSeg.h"
SevSeg sevseg; //Instantiate a seven segment controller object
const byte sine256[] PROGMEM = {
127,130,133,136,139,143,146,149,152,155,158,161,164,167,170,173,176,178,181,184,187,190,192,195,198,200,203,205,208,210,212,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,233,234,236,238,239,240,
242,243,244,245,247,248,249,249,250,251,252,252,253,253,253,254,254,254,254,254,254,254,253,253,253,252,252,251,250,249,249,248,247,245,244,243,242,240,239,238,236,234,233,231,229,227,225,223,
221,219,217,215,212,210,208,205,203,200,198,195,192,190,187,184,181,178,176,173,170,167,164,161,158,155,152,149,146,143,139,136,133,130,127,124,121,118,115,111,108,105,102,99,96,93,90,87,84,81,78,
76,73,70,67,64,62,59,56,54,51,49,46,44,42,39,37,35,33,31,29,27,25,23,21,20,18,16,15,14,12,11,10,9,7,6,5,5,4,3,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,23,25,27,29,31,
33,35,37,39,42,44,46,49,51,54,56,59,62,64,67,70,73,76,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,115,118,121,124
};
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit)) //define a bit to have the properties of a clear bit operator
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))//define a bit to have the properties of a set bit operator
#define INPUT_DIR ((PINC&0x04)==0) // 00000010 = A2 //Control Direction
int PWM1= 9; //PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM2 = 10; //PWM2 output, phase 2
int PWM3 = 11; //PWM3 output, phase 3
//int offset_1 = 85; //offset 1 is 120 degrees out of phase with previous phase, Refer to PWM to sine.xls
//int offset_2 = 170; //offset 2 is 120 degrees out of phase with offset 1. Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int offset_1; //offset 1 is 120 degrees out of phase with previous phase, Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int offset_2; //offset 2 is 120 degrees out of phase with offset 1. Refer to PWM to sine.xls
//int program_exec_time = A3; //monitor how quickly the interrupt trigger
int ISR_exec_time = A4; //monitor how long the interrupt takes
int INVERTOR_ENABLE = A1; //INVERTOR ENABLE
double ad_cel; //Manat Add Motor Acceleration, Deceleration
double spd_ref; //Manat Add
double spd_ref_max = 481; //60Hz Manat Add
double spd_ref_min = 20; //2.5Hz Manat Add
double speed; // Manat Add
unsigned char direction; // Manat Add rotation direction (0 forwared, 1 reverse)
unsigned char run; //Manat Add
int num = 0; // Manat Add for Hz Show 7-Segments
const double refclk=31376.6; // measured output frequency
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int ledPin = A5; // the number of the LED pin
int ledState = LOW; // ledState used to set the LED
long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time LED was updated
long interval = 50000; // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// variables used inside interrupt service declared as voilatile
volatile byte current_count; // Keep track of where the current count is in sine 256 array
volatile byte ms4_delay; //variable used to generate a 4ms delay
volatile byte c4ms; // after every 4ms this variable is incremented, its used to create a delay of 1 second
volatile unsigned long phase_accumulator; // pahse accumulator
volatile unsigned long tword_m; // dds tuning word m, refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Manat Add
pinMode(PWM1, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM2, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM3, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //Manat Add
pinMode(ISR_exec_time, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(INVERTOR_ENABLE, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, LOW); //Manat Add
//sbi(PORTB,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, HIGH);
Setup_timer0();
Setup_timer1();
Setup_timer2();
//Disable Timer 1 interrupt to avoid any timing delays
//cbi (TIMSK0,TOIE0); //disable Timer0 !!! delay() is now not available
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //enable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*speed/refclk; //calulate DDS new tuning word
//-----------SevenSegment-------------
byte numDigits = 2;
byte digitPins[] = {13, 12};
byte segmentPins[] = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2};
bool resistorsOnSegments = false; // 'false' means resistors are on digit pins
byte hardwareConfig = COMMON_CATHODE; // See README.md for options
bool updateWithDelays = false; // Default. Recommended
bool leadingZeros = false; // Use 'true' if you'd like to keep the leading zeros
sevseg.begin(hardwareConfig, numDigits, digitPins, segmentPins, resistorsOnSegments, updateWithDelays, leadingZeros);
sevseg.setBrightness(1);
//------------------------------------
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
WaitLoop(30000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
void loop()
{
while(1)
{
ReadAnalogs();
unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // For ledState
//---------Control Power IR2111----------------------------
if (speed > spd_ref_min){
offset_1 = 85;
offset_2 = 170;
run = 1;
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, HIGH);
}
else {
offset_1 = 0;
offset_2 = 0;
run = 0;
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, LOW);
}
//---------7 Segments Show Hz------------------------------
num = (speed/8);
if(speed == spd_ref_min) num = 0;
sevseg.setNumber(num, 2);
sevseg.refreshDisplay();
//sbi(PORTC,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, HIGH);
//---------Monitor program---------------------------------
if((currentMillis - previousMillis) > (interval/(num+1))) {
// save the last time you blinked the LED
previousMillis = currentMillis;
// if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:
if (ledState == LOW)
ledState = HIGH;
else
ledState = LOW;
// set the LED with the ledState of the variable:
digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
if (c4ms > 0) // c4ms = 4ms, thus 4ms *250 = 1 second delay
{
c4ms=0; //Reset c4ms
cbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Disable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*speed/refclk; //Calulate DDS new tuning word
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Enable Timer2 Interrupt
}
}
}
void WaitLoop(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (j=0;j<time;j++)
{
for (i=0;i<200;i++) //the ATmega is runs at 16MHz
if (PORTC==0xFF) DDRB|=0x02; //just a dummy instruction
}
}
void ReadAnalogs(void)
{
spd_ref=map(analogRead(0),0,1023,0,spd_ref_max); //Read voltage on analog 1 to see desired output frequency, 0V = 0Hz, 5V = 1.023kHz
ad_cel=map(analogRead(3),0,1023,1,200); // Manat Add
if(spd_ref > spd_ref_max) spd_ref = spd_ref_max; // Manat add maximum 60Hz
if(spd_ref < spd_ref_min) spd_ref = 0; // Manat Add minimum 2.5Hz
if (INPUT_DIR)
{
if (direction==0) spd_ref=spd_ref_min;
if (speed==spd_ref_min) direction=1; //only allow direction change at minimum speed
}
else
{
if (direction==1) spd_ref=spd_ref_min;
if (speed==spd_ref_min) direction=0; //only alow direction change at minimum speed
}
//if (spd_ref>speed) speed=speed+0.02; // Hz step
//if (spd_ref<speed) speed=speed-0.02;
if (spd_ref>speed) speed=speed+(1/ad_cel); // Hz step
if (spd_ref<speed) speed=speed-(1/ad_cel);
if (speed<spd_ref_min) speed=spd_ref_min;
}
void Setup_timer0(void)
{
TCCR0B = (TCCR0B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;
// Timer1 PWM Mode set to Phase Correct PWM
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0A0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0A1);
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0B0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR0A, WGM00);
cbi (TCCR0A, WGM01);
}
void Setup_timer1(void)
{
TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & 0b11111000) |0x02;
// Timer1 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1A0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1A1);
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1B0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1B1);
sbi (TCCR1A, WGM10);
cbi (TCCR1A, WGM11);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM12);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM13);
}
void Setup_timer2()
{
TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;// Timer2 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2A0); // clear Compare Match
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2A1);
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2B0);
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR2A, WGM20);
cbi (TCCR2A, WGM21);
cbi (TCCR2B, WGM22);
}
ISR(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
//cbi(PORTC,program_exec_time); //Clear the pin
//sbi(PORTC,ISR_exec_time); // Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, LOW);
digitalWrite(ISR_exec_time, HIGH);
if (direction==0)
phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m;
else
phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator-tword_m;
//phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m; //Adds tuning M word to previoud phase accumulator. refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
if (run==0)
current_count=0;
else
current_count=phase_accumulator >> 24; // use upper 8 bits of phase_accumulator as frequency information
//-------------------------------
//------------------------------
OCR1A = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + current_count); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM
OCR1B = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_1)); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM1
OCR2A = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_2));// read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM2
//increment variable ms4_delay every 4mS/125 = milliseconds 32uS
if(ms4_delay++ == 125)
{
c4ms++;
ms4_delay=0; //reset count
}
//cbi(PORTC,ISR_exec_time); //Clear the pin
digitalWrite(ISR_exec_time, LOW);
}
ATmega 168 ATmega 328 P
// Support 7 Segments Show Hz 15/07/2017
// Import SevSeg Library : https://playground.arduino.cc/Main/SevenSegmentLibrary
#include "arduino.h" //Store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM
#include "avr/pgmspace.h"
#include "avr/io.h"
#include "SevSeg.h"
SevSeg sevseg; //Instantiate a seven segment controller object
const byte sine256[] PROGMEM = {
127,130,133,136,139,143,146,149,152,155,158,161,164,167,170,173,176,178,181,184,187,190,192,195,198,200,203,205,208,210,212,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,233,234,236,238,239,240,
242,243,244,245,247,248,249,249,250,251,252,252,253,253,253,254,254,254,254,254,254,254,253,253,253,252,252,251,250,249,249,248,247,245,244,243,242,240,239,238,236,234,233,231,229,227,225,223,
221,219,217,215,212,210,208,205,203,200,198,195,192,190,187,184,181,178,176,173,170,167,164,161,158,155,152,149,146,143,139,136,133,130,127,124,121,118,115,111,108,105,102,99,96,93,90,87,84,81,78,
76,73,70,67,64,62,59,56,54,51,49,46,44,42,39,37,35,33,31,29,27,25,23,21,20,18,16,15,14,12,11,10,9,7,6,5,5,4,3,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,23,25,27,29,31,
33,35,37,39,42,44,46,49,51,54,56,59,62,64,67,70,73,76,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,115,118,121,124
};
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit)) //define a bit to have the properties of a clear bit operator
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))//define a bit to have the properties of a set bit operator
#define INPUT_DIR ((PINC&0x04)==0) // 00000010 = A2 //Control Direction
int PWM1= 9; //PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM2 = 10; //PWM2 output, phase 2
int PWM3 = 11; //PWM3 output, phase 3
//int offset_1 = 85; //offset 1 is 120 degrees out of phase with previous phase, Refer to PWM to sine.xls
//int offset_2 = 170; //offset 2 is 120 degrees out of phase with offset 1. Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int offset_1; //offset 1 is 120 degrees out of phase with previous phase, Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int offset_2; //offset 2 is 120 degrees out of phase with offset 1. Refer to PWM to sine.xls
//int program_exec_time = A3; //monitor how quickly the interrupt trigger
int ISR_exec_time = A4; //monitor how long the interrupt takes
int INVERTOR_ENABLE = A1; //INVERTOR ENABLE
double ad_cel; //Manat Add Motor Acceleration, Deceleration
double spd_ref; //Manat Add
double spd_ref_max = 481; //60Hz Manat Add
double spd_ref_min = 20; //2.5Hz Manat Add
double speed; // Manat Add
unsigned char direction; // Manat Add rotation direction (0 forwared, 1 reverse)
unsigned char run; //Manat Add
int num = 0; // Manat Add for Hz Show 7-Segments
const double refclk=31376.6; // measured output frequency
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int ledPin = A5; // the number of the LED pin
int ledState = LOW; // ledState used to set the LED
long previousMillis = 0; // will store last time LED was updated
long interval = 50000; // interval at which to blink (milliseconds)
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// variables used inside interrupt service declared as voilatile
volatile byte current_count; // Keep track of where the current count is in sine 256 array
volatile byte ms4_delay; //variable used to generate a 4ms delay
volatile byte c4ms; // after every 4ms this variable is incremented, its used to create a delay of 1 second
volatile unsigned long phase_accumulator; // pahse accumulator
volatile unsigned long tword_m; // dds tuning word m, refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Manat Add
pinMode(PWM1, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM2, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM3, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); //Manat Add
pinMode(ISR_exec_time, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(INVERTOR_ENABLE, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, LOW); //Manat Add
//sbi(PORTB,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, HIGH);
Setup_timer0();
Setup_timer1();
Setup_timer2();
//Disable Timer 1 interrupt to avoid any timing delays
//cbi (TIMSK0,TOIE0); //disable Timer0 !!! delay() is now not available
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //enable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*speed/refclk; //calulate DDS new tuning word
//-----------SevenSegment-------------
byte numDigits = 2;
byte digitPins[] = {13, 12};
byte segmentPins[] = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2};
bool resistorsOnSegments = false; // 'false' means resistors are on digit pins
byte hardwareConfig = COMMON_CATHODE; // See README.md for options
bool updateWithDelays = false; // Default. Recommended
bool leadingZeros = false; // Use 'true' if you'd like to keep the leading zeros
sevseg.begin(hardwareConfig, numDigits, digitPins, segmentPins, resistorsOnSegments, updateWithDelays, leadingZeros);
sevseg.setBrightness(1);
//------------------------------------
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
WaitLoop(30000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
void loop()
{
while(1)
{
ReadAnalogs();
unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); // For ledState
//---------Control Power IR2111----------------------------
if (speed > spd_ref_min){
offset_1 = 85;
offset_2 = 170;
run = 1;
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, HIGH);
}
else {
offset_1 = 0;
offset_2 = 0;
run = 0;
digitalWrite(INVERTOR_ENABLE, LOW);
}
//---------7 Segments Show Hz------------------------------
num = (speed/8);
if(speed == spd_ref_min) num = 0;
sevseg.setNumber(num, 2);
sevseg.refreshDisplay();
//sbi(PORTC,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, HIGH);
//---------Monitor program---------------------------------
if((currentMillis - previousMillis) > (interval/(num+1))) {
// save the last time you blinked the LED
previousMillis = currentMillis;
// if the LED is off turn it on and vice-versa:
if (ledState == LOW)
ledState = HIGH;
else
ledState = LOW;
// set the LED with the ledState of the variable:
digitalWrite(ledPin, ledState);
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------
if (c4ms > 0) // c4ms = 4ms, thus 4ms *250 = 1 second delay
{
c4ms=0; //Reset c4ms
cbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Disable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*speed/refclk; //Calulate DDS new tuning word
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Enable Timer2 Interrupt
}
}
}
void WaitLoop(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (j=0;j<time;j++)
{
for (i=0;i<200;i++) //the ATmega is runs at 16MHz
if (PORTC==0xFF) DDRB|=0x02; //just a dummy instruction
}
}
void ReadAnalogs(void)
{
spd_ref=map(analogRead(0),0,1023,0,spd_ref_max); //Read voltage on analog 1 to see desired output frequency, 0V = 0Hz, 5V = 1.023kHz
ad_cel=map(analogRead(3),0,1023,1,200); // Manat Add
if(spd_ref > spd_ref_max) spd_ref = spd_ref_max; // Manat add maximum 60Hz
if(spd_ref < spd_ref_min) spd_ref = 0; // Manat Add minimum 2.5Hz
if (INPUT_DIR)
{
if (direction==0) spd_ref=spd_ref_min;
if (speed==spd_ref_min) direction=1; //only allow direction change at minimum speed
}
else
{
if (direction==1) spd_ref=spd_ref_min;
if (speed==spd_ref_min) direction=0; //only alow direction change at minimum speed
}
//if (spd_ref>speed) speed=speed+0.02; // Hz step
//if (spd_ref<speed) speed=speed-0.02;
if (spd_ref>speed) speed=speed+(1/ad_cel); // Hz step
if (spd_ref<speed) speed=speed-(1/ad_cel);
if (speed<spd_ref_min) speed=spd_ref_min;
}
void Setup_timer0(void)
{
TCCR0B = (TCCR0B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;
// Timer1 PWM Mode set to Phase Correct PWM
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0A0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0A1);
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0B0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR0A, WGM00);
cbi (TCCR0A, WGM01);
}
void Setup_timer1(void)
{
TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & 0b11111000) |0x02;
// Timer1 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1A0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1A1);
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1B0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1B1);
sbi (TCCR1A, WGM10);
cbi (TCCR1A, WGM11);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM12);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM13);
}
void Setup_timer2()
{
TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;// Timer2 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2A0); // clear Compare Match
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2A1);
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2B0);
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR2A, WGM20);
cbi (TCCR2A, WGM21);
cbi (TCCR2B, WGM22);
}
ISR(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
//cbi(PORTC,program_exec_time); //Clear the pin
//sbi(PORTC,ISR_exec_time); // Sets the pin
//digitalWrite(program_exec_time, LOW);
digitalWrite(ISR_exec_time, HIGH);
if (direction==0)
phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m;
else
phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator-tword_m;
//phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m; //Adds tuning M word to previoud phase accumulator. refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
if (run==0)
current_count=0;
else
current_count=phase_accumulator >> 24; // use upper 8 bits of phase_accumulator as frequency information
//-------------------------------
//------------------------------
OCR1A = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + current_count); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM
OCR1B = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_1)); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM1
OCR2A = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_2));// read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM2
//increment variable ms4_delay every 4mS/125 = milliseconds 32uS
if(ms4_delay++ == 125)
{
c4ms++;
ms4_delay=0; //reset count
}
//cbi(PORTC,ISR_exec_time); //Clear the pin
digitalWrite(ISR_exec_time, LOW);
}
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Arduino 2560 Sinus 3 Phase Motor Controller
//Arduino Atmega 168 Atmega 328P 3 phase induction motor Variable Speed Controller //Code
// Complier By Arduino Version 101 Version 106 Software
//?????????????? AUTO RE RUN ????????????????? 5KB ????????????????? ??? -??? ??????? ?????? R //4K7 ??? ??+5Vdc ??????????? ?????????? + MAX ??? VR ??? R 1K-10 K ??? ???? A3 ??? //ATmega 168 ATmega 328 P
#define UN (400.0) //napiecie znamionowe silnika
#define FN (50.0) //czestotliwosc znamionowa silnika
#define P (UN/FN) //wsp. okreslajacy proporcje napiecia do czestotliwoci znamionowej
#define T_PWM (0.000255) //okres sygnalu PWM - ustawiony przez preskaler w licznikach
#define T_MAX (4.0) //okreslenie maksymalnego okresu napiecia wyjsciowego
#define T_MIN (0.02) //minimalny okres napiecia wyjsciowego
#define K_MAX floor(T_MAX/T_PWM) //liczba wartosci okresu dla T_MAX
#define K_MIN ceil(T_MIN/T_PWM) //liczba wartosci okresu dla T_MIN
volatile static unsigned int dlugosc_tab_sin; //zmienna zawierajaca liczbe wartosci w pelnym
//okresie napiecia wyjsciowego
static unsigned int i = 0; //zmienna pomocniacza
volatile static unsigned int licznik_glowny = 0;//zmienna wystepujaca w przerwaniu czyklicznie
//^ co okres T_PWM zwiekszajaca swoja wartosc o 1
static unsigned int next_value_sin = 0; //zmienna ktora wartosc sin nalezy obliczyc
static double t_param=100; //parametr okreslajacy okres napiecia wyjsciowego
static float t = T_PWM; //T_PWM
static float omega_t; //pulsacja napiecia wyjsciowego pomnozona przez T_PWM
static float t_out; //okres wyjsciowy napiecia
static float U_o_param; //parametr okreslajacy wielkosc napiecie wyjsciowego
//^ obliczony na podstawie t_out i U_in
static unsigned int ocr0a, ocr0b, ocr1a;//zmienne pomocnicze do przechowywania obl. wypelnien
static unsigned int ocr1b, ocr2a, ocr2b;//^
static double sin_in; //zmienna zawierajaca parametr funkcji sin
static double blad = 1; //zmienna uzyta do zatrzymania generowania napiecia przy przeciazeniu
static unsigned int analog=0; //zmienna zawierajaca zmierzona wartosc
static double U_in = 0; //zmienna przechowuj?ca pomiar napiecia ukladu posredniczacego
static double U_rms_max; //maksymalna aktualnie mozliwa do generacji wartosc skuteczna napiecia
static bool a=0; //zmienna logiczna do realizacji dwoch naprzemiennych pomiarow
int main()
{
io_init(); //inicjalizacja wejsc i wyjsc
timers_init(); //inicjalizacja licznikow PWM
adc_init(); //inicjalizacja przetwornika ADC
while(1) //nieskonczona petla z programem glownym
{
if(i==185) //warunek okreslajacy wejscie do funkcji zmiany
{ //parametrow napiecia wysjciowego, wywolanie co okolo 100ms
zmien_predkosc(); //funkcja zmiany parametrow napiecia wyjsciowego
i=0;
}
next_value_sin = licznik_glowny%dlugosc_tab_sin; //kolejna wartoœ? sinusa do obliczenia
sin_in=omega_t*next_value_sin;
//obliczenie wartosci do rejestrow okreslajacych wypelnienie sygnalu wyjscioweg/
ocr0a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin 6
ocr0b = ocr0a - 1;
ocr1a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in-2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin 9
ocr1b = ocr1a - 1;
ocr2a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in+2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin 11
ocr2b = ocr2a - 1;
//uaktualnienie wartosci w rejestrach/
cli(); //zabronienie na obsloge przerwan na wypadek gdyby
//podczas uaktualniania wystapilo przerwanie
OCR0A = ocr0a; //pin 6
OCR0B = ocr0b; //pin 5
OCR1AL = ocr1a; //pin 9
OCR1BL = ocr1b; //pin 10
OCR2A = ocr2a; //pin 11
OCR2B = ocr2b; //pin 3
sei(); //zezwolenie na obsloge przerwan
i++;
}
}
void adc_init()
{
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADEN);//uruchomienie przetwornika
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS2);//ustawienie preskalera
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS1);//^
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS0);//^
ADMUX |= _BV(REFS0);// napiecie odniesienia ustawione jako napiecie zasilania
ADMUX |= ADMUX &= 0b11110000; //wybranie wejscia ADC0 do pomiaru
}
void timers_init()
{
cli(); // obsloga przerwan zabroniona
//timer0 init
TCCR0A |= _BV(COM0A1) | _BV(COM0B0) | _BV(COM0B1) | _BV(WGM00);
TCCR0B |= _BV(CS01); //preskaler 8
TIMSK0 |= _BV(TOIE0); //flaga od wartosci 0 wlaczona
//timer1 init
TCCR1A |= _BV(COM1A1) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(WGM10);
TCCR1B |= _BV(CS11); //preskaler 8
//timer2 init
TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2B0) | _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM20);
TCCR2B |= _BV(CS21); //preskaler 8
//zerowanie wartosci licznik?w
TCNT0 = 0;
TCNT1L = 0;
TCNT2 = 0;
/* licznik zlicza w g?re do 255, nastepnie w d??: /\/\/\
przy wartosci 255 jest przerwanie przy ktorym dokonuje sie
pomiarow napiec i pradow
*/
sei(); //zezwolenie na obsloge przerwan
}
void io_init()
{
pinMode(6, OUTPUT); //OC0A
pinMode(5, OUTPUT); //OC0B
pinMode(9, OUTPUT); //OC1A
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);//OC1B
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(3, OUTPUT); //OC2B
pinMode(2, INPUT);
pinMode(4, INPUT);
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
}
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect) //przerwanie przy wartosci 0 licznika0
{
analog = ADC;
if(a)
{
U_in = 0.0709*analog;
ADMUX |= _BV(MUX0); //wybranie wejscia ADC1 do pomiaru pradu
}
else
{
ADMUX |= ADMUX &= 0b11110000; //wybranie wejscia ADC0 do pomiaru napiecia
if(analog>579)
{
blad = 0; //jezeli przeciazenie wylaczenie generacji napiecia
digitalWrite(12, HIGH); //zapalenie diody
}
}
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);//start odczytywania pomiaru
a=a^1; //bramka XOR neguje wartosc logiczna a
licznik_glowny++;
if(licznik_glowny>=dlugosc_tab_sin) licznik_glowny = 0;
}
void zmien_predkosc()
{
t_param = map(analogRead(3),0,1023,0,100);
U_rms_max = U_in*0.62; //wartosc 0.62 wyzanczona eksperymentalnie
bool up; //zmienna logiczna, informuje o nacisnietym przycisku zwieksz czestotliwosc
bool down; //zmienna logiczna, informuje o nacisnietym przycisku zmiejsz czestotliwosc
up = digitalRead(4); //odczyt: czy nacisniety przycisk zwieksz czestotliwosc
down = digitalRead(2); //odczyt: czy nacisniety przycisk zmiejsz czestotliwosc
if(up==1) t_param--; //jezeli nacisniety przycisk zwieksz czestotliwosc to zmiejsz okres
if(down==1) t_param++; //jezeli nacisniety przycisk zmniejsz czestotliwosc to zwieksz okres
if(t_param<0) t_param=0; //zabezpieczenie przekroczenia wartosci skrajnych
if(t_param>100) t_param=100;//^
dlugosc_tab_sin = ceil((K_MAX-K_MIN)*t_param/500+K_MIN);//ilosc wartosci wypelnien w jednym okresie
t_out = T_PWM*dlugosc_tab_sin; //obliczenie okresu napiecia wyjsciowego
omega_t = t*2*PI/t_out; //obliczenie pulsacji napiecia wyjsciowego
U_o_param = (P/t_out)/U_rms_max; //obliczenie parametru okreslajacego wielkosc napiecia wyjsciowego
if(t_out>1) U_o_param = 0.5*(18.5/U_rms_max); //napi?cie na wyjsciu przy niskiej czestotliwosci 10V
if(U_o_param>1) U_o_param=1;
//zabezpieczenie przekroczenia wartosci skrajnych
blad = 1; //jezeli przeciazenie wylaczenie generacji napiecia
digitalWrite(12, LOW); //zapalenie diody
}
//Arduino Atmega 1280 2560 good version 3 phase induction motor Variable Speed Controller //Code
// Complier By Arduino Version 101 Version 106 Software
//?????????????? AUTO RE RUN ????????????????? 5KB ????????????????? ??? -??? ??????? ?????? R //4K7 ??? ??+5Vdc ??????????? ?????????? + MAX ??? VR ??? R 1K-10 K ??? ???? A3 ??? //ATmega 168 ATmega 328 P
#include "arduino.h" //Store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM
#include "avr/pgmspace.h"
#include "avr/io.h"
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
#define UN (400.0)
#define FN (50.0)
#define P (UN/FN)
#define T_PWM (0.000255)
#define T_MAX (4.0)
#define T_MIN (0.02)
#define K_MAX floor(T_MAX/T_PWM)
#define K_MIN ceil(T_MIN/T_PWM)
volatile static unsigned int dlugosc_tab_sin; //okresie napiecia wyjsciowego
static unsigned int i = 0;
volatile static unsigned int licznik_glowny = 0;
static unsigned int next_value_sin = 0;
static double t_param=100;
static float t = T_PWM;
static float omega_t;
static float t_out;
static float U_o_param;
static unsigned int ocr0a, ocr0b, ocr1a;
static unsigned int ocr1b, ocr2a, ocr2b;
static unsigned int ocr3a, ocr3b, ocr3c;
static unsigned int ocr4a, ocr4b, ocr4c;//^
static unsigned int ocr5a, ocr5b, ocr5c;//
static double sin_in;
static double blad = 1;
static unsigned int analog=0;
static double U_in = 0;
static double U_rms_max;
static bool a=0;
int main()
{
io_init();
timers_init(); //inicjalizacja licznikow PWM
adc_init(); //inicjalizacja przetwornika ADC
while(1) //nieskonczona petla z programem glownym
{
if(i==185) //warunek okreslajacy wejscie do funkcji zmiany
{ //parametrow napiecia wysjciowego, wywolanie co okolo 100ms
zmien_predkosc(); //funkcja zmiany parametrow napiecia wyjsciowego
i=0;
}
next_value_sin = licznik_glowny%dlugosc_tab_sin; //kolejna wartoœ? sinusa do obliczenia
sin_in=omega_t*next_value_sin;
//obliczenie wartosci do rejestrow okreslajacych wypelnienie sygnalu wyjscioweg/
ocr0a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 13
ocr0b = ocr0a - 1;//pin D 4
ocr1a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in-2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 11
ocr1b = ocr1a - 1;//pin D 12
ocr2a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in+2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 10
ocr2b = ocr2a - 1;//pin D 9
ocr3a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 5
ocr3b = ocr3a-1;//r3a-1;//ocr3a - 1;//pin D 2
ocr4a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in-2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 6
ocr4b = ocr4a-1;//ocr3c-1;//ocr3c - 1;//pin D 7
ocr5a = round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in+2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 46
ocr5b = ocr5a-1;//ocr4a -1; //pin D 45
ocr3c = ocr0b;//round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 3
ocr4c = ocr1b;//round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in+2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 8
ocr5c = ocr2b;//round(blad*(U_o_param*(sin(sin_in-2.09)+1)*254/2)+1);//pin D 44
//uaktualnienie wartosci w rejestrach/
cli(); //zabronienie na obsloge przerwan na wypadek gdyby
//podczas uaktualniania wystapilo przerwanie
OCR0A = ocr0a; //pin D13
OCR0B = ocr0b; //pin D4
OCR1A = ocr1a; //pin D11
OCR1B = ocr1b; //pin D12
OCR2A = ocr2a; //pin D10
OCR2B = ocr2b; //pin D9
OCR3A = ocr3a; //pin D5
OCR3B = ocr3b; //pin D2
OCR3C = ocr3c; //pin D3
OCR4A = ocr4a; //pin D6
OCR4B = ocr4b; //pin D7
OCR4C = ocr4c; //pin D8
OCR5A = ocr5a; //pin D46
OCR5B = ocr5b; //pin D45
OCR5C = ocr5c; //pin D44
sei(); //zezwolenie na obsloge przerwan
i++;
}
}
void adc_init()
{
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADEN);//uruchomienie przetwornika
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS2);//ustawienie preskalera
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS1);//^
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADPS0);//^
ADMUX |= _BV(REFS0);// napiecie odniesienia ustawione jako napiecie zasilania
ADMUX |= ADMUX &= 0b11110000; //wybranie wejscia ADC0 do pomiaru
}
void timers_init()
{
cli(); // obsloga przerwan zabroniona
TCCR0A |= _BV(COM0A1) | _BV(COM0B0) | _BV(COM0B1) | _BV(WGM00);
TCCR0B |= _BV(CS01); //preskaler 8
TIMSK0 |= _BV(TOIE0); //flaga od wartosci 0 wlaczona
//timer1 init
TCCR1A |= _BV(COM1A1) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(WGM10);
TCCR1B |= _BV(CS11); //preskaler 8
//timer2 init
TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2B0) | _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM20);
TCCR2B |= _BV(CS21); //preskaler 8
//timer3 init
TCCR3A |= _BV(COM3A1) | _BV(COM3B0) | _BV(COM3B1) | _BV(WGM30);
TCCR3B |= _BV(CS31);
TCCR3C |= _BV(COM3A1) | _BV(COM3B0) | _BV(COM3B1) | _BV(WGM33);
TCCR3C |= _BV(CS31);//;|(1 << CS00); //preskaler 8
cbi (TCCR3A, COM3C0);
sbi (TCCR3A, COM3C1);
//timer4 init
TCCR4A |= _BV(COM4A1) | _BV(COM4B0) | _BV(COM4B1) | _BV(WGM40);
TCCR4B |= _BV(CS41);
TCCR4C |= _BV(CS41); //preskaler 8
cbi (TCCR4A, COM4C0);
sbi (TCCR4A, COM4C1);
//timer5 init
TCCR5A |= _BV(COM5A1) | _BV(COM5B0) | _BV(COM5B1) | _BV(WGM50);
TCCR5B |= _BV(CS51); //preskaler 8
TCCR5C |= _BV(CS51);
cbi (TCCR5A, COM5C0);
sbi (TCCR5A, COM5C1);
//zerowanie wartosci licznik?w
TCNT0 = 0;
TCNT1L = 0;
TCNT2 = 0;
TCNT3 = 0;
TCNT4L = 0;
TCNT5 = 0;
sei(); //zezwolenie na obsloge przerwan
}
void io_init()
{
pinMode(6, OUTPUT); //OC0A
pinMode(5, OUTPUT); //OC0B
pinMode(9, OUTPUT); //OC1A
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);//OC1B
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(3, OUTPUT); //OC3C
pinMode(52, INPUT);
pinMode(53, INPUT);
pinMode(50, OUTPUT);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT); //OC3B
pinMode(4, OUTPUT); //OC0B
pinMode(7, OUTPUT); //OC1A
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);//OC4C
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); //OC2B
pinMode(44, OUTPUT);//OC4C
pinMode(45, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(46, OUTPUT); //OC2B
pinMode(A3, INPUT); //OC1A
pinMode(A4, OUTPUT);//OC1B
pinMode(A5, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(A6, OUTPUT); //OC3C
pinMode(A1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A0, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A9, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A10, OUTPUT); //OC0A
pinMode(A11, OUTPUT); //OC0B
pinMode(A12, OUTPUT); //OC1A
pinMode(A13, OUTPUT);//OC4C
pinMode(A14, OUTPUT);//OC2A
pinMode(A15, OUTPUT); //OC2B
}
ISR(TIMER0_OVF_vect) //przerwanie przy wartosci 0 licznika0
{
analog = ADC;
if(a)
{
U_in = 0.0709*analog;
ADMUX |= _BV(MUX0); //wybranie wejscia ADC1 do pomiaru pradu
}
else
{
ADMUX |= ADMUX &= 0b11110000; //wybranie wejscia ADC0 do pomiaru napiecia
if(analog>579)
{
blad = 0; //jezeli przeciazenie wylaczenie generacji napiecia
digitalWrite(50, HIGH); //zapalenie diody
}
}
ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);//start odczytywania pomiaru
a=a^1; //bramka XOR neguje wartosc logiczna a
licznik_glowny++;
if(licznik_glowny>=dlugosc_tab_sin) licznik_glowny = 0;
}
void zmien_predkosc()
{
t_param = map(analogRead(3),0,1023,0,100);
U_rms_max = U_in*0.62;
bool up;
bool down;
up = digitalRead(52);
down = digitalRead(53);
if(up==1) t_param--;
if(down==1) t_param++;
if(t_param<0) t_param=0;
if(t_param>100) t_param=100;//^
dlugosc_tab_sin = ceil((K_MAX-K_MIN)*t_param/500+K_MIN);//ilosc wartosci wypelnien w jednym okresie
t_out = T_PWM*dlugosc_tab_sin; //obliczenie okresu napiecia wyjsciowego
omega_t = t*2*PI/t_out; //obliczenie pulsacji napiecia wyjsciowego
U_o_param = (P/t_out)/U_rms_max; //obliczenie parametru okreslajacego wielkosc napiecia wyjsciowego
if(t_out>1) U_o_param = 0.5*(18.5/U_rms_max); //napi?cie na wyjsciu przy niskiej czestotliwosci 10V
if(U_o_param>1) U_o_param=1;
//zabezpieczenie przekroczenia wartosci skrajnych
blad = 1; //jezeli przeciazenie wylaczenie generacji napiecia
digitalWrite(50, LOW); //zapalenie diody
}
// software for direct drive motor Arduino mega2560
//Danijel Gorupec, 2015
//Edit prescaller 4khz And Sine wave For IGBT GT15J331 L6569 4 Khz PWM By Sompong Tungmepol //2/16/2017
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit))
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))
char sin_table[64]=
{
0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,
48, 51, 54, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 73, 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 87,
89, 91, 94, 96, 98, 100,102,103,105,107,108,110,112,113,114,116,
117,118,119,120,121,122,123,123,124,125,125,126,126,126,126,126,
};
unsigned char pwm_table[256]; //holds V-F curve adjusted PWM outputs
unsigned char speed; //output frequency (uint: 0.25Hz)
unsigned char direction; //rotation direction (0 forwared, 1 reverse)
unsigned int phase; //the phase of output sine signal
//some handy macros
#define LED_ON {SREG&=0x7F;PORTF|=0x10;SREG|=0x80;}
#define LED_OFF {SREG&=0x7F;PORTF&=0xEF;SREG|=0x80;}
#define INVERTOR_ENABLE {PORTF|=0x20;PORTB|=0x03;PORTE|=0x03;PORTG|=0x03;PORTH|=0x03;PORTL|=0x03;}
#define INVERTOR_DISABLE {PORTF&=0xDF;PORTB&=0xFF;}
#define INPUT_JOG ((PINF&0x02)==0)
#define INPUT_RUN ((PINF&0x04)==0)
#define INPUT_DIR ((PINF&0x08)==0)
#define JOG_SPEED 20
//timer interrupt routing
//It is called in fixed intervals. It advances sine wave phase.
ISR (TIMER0_OVF_vect)
{
if (direction==0)
phase+=speed; //phase: 0...16384 equals 0...2*pi
else
phase-=speed;
unsigned int p=phase/64;
unsigned char p1=p%256;
unsigned char p2=p1+85;
unsigned char p3=p1+171;
OCR1A=pwm_table[p2];//pwm_table[p1];
OCR1B=OCR1A-1;//pwm_table[p2];
OCR2A=pwm_table[p3];//pwm_table[p3];
OCR0A=pwm_table[p1];//OCR1A-1;
OCR0B=OCR0A-1;//OCR1B-1;
OCR2B=OCR2A-1;//OCR2A-1;
OCR3A=pwm_table[p2];//pwm_table[p1];
OCR3B=OCR3A-1;//pwm_table[p2];
OCR4A=pwm_table[p3];//pwm_table[p3];
OCR3C=pwm_table[p1];//OCR1A-1;
OCR4B=OCR4A-1;//OCR1B-1;
OCR4C=OCR3C-1;//OCR2A-1;
OCR5A=pwm_table[p2];//pwm_table[p1];
OCR5B=pwm_table[p3];//pwm_table[p3];
OCR5C=pwm_table[p1];//OCR1A-1;
//adjust the next timer interrupt time
TCNT0=256-240;
}
//this function makes a short pause
//time uint: about 10 microseconds (100 = 1 millisecond)
void WaitLoop(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (j=0;j<time;j++)
{
for (i=0;i<8;i++) //the ATmega is runs at 8MHz
if (PORTF==0xFF) DDRB|=0x02;DDRE|=0x02;DDRG|=0x02;DDRH|=0x02;DDRL|=0x02;//just a dummy instruction
}
}
char analog_channel=0;
void ReadAnalogs(void)
{
if (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)) {return;} //the conversion still not finished
if (analog_channel==0)
{
//ADCH is the speed reference (but inverted!!! - 255=min speed, 0=max speed)
unsigned char spd_ref=255-ADCH;
if (INPUT_JOG) spd_ref=JOG_SPEED;
if (INPUT_DIR)
{
if (direction==0) spd_ref=10;
if (speed==10) direction=1; //only allow direction change at minimum speed
}
else
{
if (direction==1) spd_ref=10;
if (speed==10) direction=0; //only alow direction change at minimum speed
}
if (spd_ref>speed) speed++;
if (spd_ref<speed) speed--;
if (speed<10) speed=10; //the minimum speed
//in next reading we again read this channel because there are no other analog channels used
analog_channel=0;
ADMUX=0x60;
}
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC);
}
int main()
{
//Set ATmega8 fuses to 8MHz, internal RC
//Hardware cosist of ATMega8 microcontroller, 6xIRF840 MOSFET (3 halfbridges)
//wait a bit, cca 300ms, for easier programming
//(otherwise programmer has problems downloading)
WaitLoop(30000);
//F0 - programable input 1 A0(speed reference - inverted analog input, +5V=min speed, 0V=max speed)
//F1 - programable input 2 A1(jog - digital input, active low)
//F2 - programable input 3 A2(run signal - digital input, active low)
//F3 - programable input 4 A3(rotation direction - digital input, active low)
//F4 - LED output A4
//F5 - enable output A5
DDRF=(unsigned char)0xF8;
DDRB=(unsigned char)0xF0;
DDRE=(unsigned char)0x38;
DDRG=(unsigned char)0x20;
DDRH=(unsigned char)0x78;
DDRL=(unsigned char)0x38;
PORTF|=0x0F;
INVERTOR_DISABLE;
//LED test (0.3 sec)
LED_ON;
WaitLoop(30000);
LED_OFF;
//configuring ADC (trigger mode)
ADMUX=0x60; //AVcc for reference, right aligned, mux=ADC0
ADCSRA=0xC7; //ADC frequency (62.5kHz), results in 4.8kHz sampling rate
//wait one more milisecond
WaitLoop(100);
//timer0 init
TCCR0A |= _BV(COM0A1) | _BV(COM0B0) | _BV(COM0B1) | _BV(WGM00);
TCCR0B |= _BV(CS01); //preskaler 8
TIMSK0 |= _BV(TOIE0); //flaga od wartosci 0 wlaczona
//timer1 init
TCCR1A |= _BV(COM1A1) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(WGM10);
TCCR1B |= _BV(CS11); //preskaler 8
//timer2 init
TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2B0) | _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM20);
TCCR2B |= _BV(CS21); //preskaler 8
//timer3 init
TCCR3A |= _BV(COM3A1) | _BV(COM3B0) | _BV(COM3B1) | _BV(WGM30);
TCCR3B |= _BV(CS31);
TCCR3C |= _BV(COM3A1) | _BV(COM3B0) | _BV(COM3B1) | _BV(WGM33);
TCCR3C |= _BV(CS31);//;|(1 << CS00); //preskaler 8
cbi (TCCR3A, COM3C0);
sbi (TCCR3A, COM3C1);
//timer4 init
TCCR4A |= _BV(COM4A1) | _BV(COM4B0) | _BV(COM4B1) | _BV(WGM40);
TCCR4B |= _BV(CS41);
TCCR4C |= _BV(CS40); //preskaler 8
cbi (TCCR4A, COM4C0);
sbi (TCCR4A, COM4C1);
//timer5 init
TCCR5A |= _BV(COM5A1) | _BV(COM5B0) | _BV(COM5B1) | _BV(WGM50);
TCCR5B |= _BV(CS51); //preskaler 8
TCCR5C |= _BV(CS51);
cbi (TCCR5A, COM5C0);
sbi (TCCR5A, COM5C1);
//zerowanie wartosci liczników
//TCNT0 = 0;
//TCNT1L = 0;
//TCNT2 = 0;
//Programming PWM_R and PWM_S
//OCR1A=0x00;
//OCR1B=0x00;
//TCCR1A=0xA1; //D10 OC1A and OC1B used, phase correct PWM, 8bit D10
//TCCR1B=0x03; //D9 1:1 prescaller - 15kHz PWM D9
//Programming PWM_T
//OCR2=0x00;
//TCCR2=0x64; //phase correct PWM, no prescaller - 15kHz PWM
//configuring timer 0
TCNT0=0x00; //timer set to start value
TCCR0A|=0x04; //timer/counter 0 input frequency divider set to /8 (that is, 1MHz)
TIMSK0|=0x01; //timer/counter 0 interrupt enabled
SREG|=0x80; //global interrupt enabled
speed=10; //2.5 Hz
//OCR1A=128;
//OCR1B=128;
//OCR2=128;
unsigned char led_cntr=0;
while (1)
{
int i;
if ((INPUT_RUN) || (INPUT_JOG))
{
if (led_cntr>16) LED_OFF else LED_ON //we just make short blinks to save power
led_cntr++;
//The VFfactor defines VF curve (how V depends on speed)
int VFfactor=240; //???? +18 ??????? +180 This setting is for asynchronous motor in delta connection (230VAC delta / 400VAC star)
//int VFfactor=speed/2+14; //this settign is for 200VAC servo motor with permanent magnet
if (VFfactor>255) VFfactor=255;
//computing PWM ratios (as we have nothing else to do, this is not optimized)
for (i=0;i<64;i++)
{
int A=sin_table[i];
if (A>127) A=-256+A; //wow! how come I cannot cast char to int?
A=A*VFfactor;
A=A/256;
A+=128+6;
if (A>250) A=250; //because signal delay, we cannot actually create very short impulses
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i]=A;
pwm_table[127-i]=A;
SREG|=0x80;
A=255-A;
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i+128]=A;
pwm_table[255-i]=A;
SREG|=0x80;
}
INVERTOR_ENABLE;
}
else
{
INVERTOR_DISABLE;
OCR1A=128;
OCR1B=128;
OCR2A=128;
OCR0A=128;
OCR0B=128;
OCR2B=128;
OCR3A=128;
OCR3B=128;
OCR3C=128;
OCR4A=128;
OCR4B=128;
OCR4C=128;
OCR5A=128;
OCR5B=128;
OCR5C=128;
for (i=0;i<255;i++)
{
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i]=128;
SREG|=0x80;
}
led_cntr=0;
LED_OFF;
speed=10;
}
ReadAnalogs();
}
}
// Code ??? ???????? Arduino Uno ?????? ?????????? Atmega 8 ????
//?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????Code ?????? simple demo //software for small 3-phase inverter
//Danijel Gorupec, 2015
//Edit prescaller And Sine wave For IGBT GT15J331 L6569 4 Khz PWM By //Sompong Tungmepol //2/16/2017
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
char sin_table[64]=
{
0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45,
48, 51, 54, 57, 59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 73, 75, 78, 80, 82, 85, 87,
89, 91, 94, 96, 98, 100,102,103,105,107,108,110,112,113,114,116,
117,118,119,120,121,122,123,123,124,125,125,126,126,126,126,126,
};
unsigned char pwm_table[256]; //holds V-F curve adjusted PWM outputs
unsigned char speed; //output frequency (uint: 0.25Hz)
unsigned char direction; //rotation direction (0 forwared, 1 reverse)
unsigned int phase; //the phase of output sine signal
//some handy macros
#define LED_ON {SREG&=0x7F;PORTC|=0x10;SREG|=0x80;}
#define LED_OFF {SREG&=0x7F;PORTC&=0xEF;SREG|=0x80;}
#define INVERTOR_ENABLE {PORTC|=0x20;PORTD|=0x03;}
#define INVERTOR_DISABLE {PORTC&=0xDF;PORTD&=0xFC;}
#define INPUT_JOG ((PINC&0x02)==0)
#define INPUT_RUN ((PINC&0x04)==0)
#define INPUT_DIR ((PINC&0x08)==0)
#define JOG_SPEED 20
//timer interrupt routing
//It is called in fixed intervals. It advances sine wave phase.
ISR (TIMER0_OVF_vect)
{
if (direction==0)
phase+=speed; //phase: 0...16384 equals 0...2*pi
else
phase-=speed;
unsigned int p=phase/64;
unsigned char p1=p%256;
unsigned char p2=p1+85;
unsigned char p3=p1+171;
OCR1A=pwm_table[p2];//pwm_table[p1];
OCR1B=OCR1A-1;//pwm_table[p2];
OCR2A=pwm_table[p3];//pwm_table[p3];
OCR0A=pwm_table[p1];//OCR1A-1;
OCR0B=OCR0A-1;//OCR1B-1;
OCR2B=OCR2A-1;//OCR2A-1;
//adjust the next timer interrupt time
TCNT0=256-240;
}
//this function makes a short pause
//time uint: about 10 microseconds (100 = 1 millisecond)
void WaitLoop(unsigned int time)
{
unsigned int i,j;
for (j=0;j<time;j++)
{
for (i=0;i<8;i++) //the ATmega is runs at 8MHz
if (PORTC==0xFF) DDRB|=0x02; //just a dummy instruction
}
}
char analog_channel=0;
void ReadAnalogs(void)
{
if (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)) {return;} //the conversion still not finished
if (analog_channel==0)
{
//ADCH is the speed reference (but inverted!!! - 255=min speed, 0=max speed)
unsigned char spd_ref=255-ADCH;
if (INPUT_JOG) spd_ref=JOG_SPEED;
if (INPUT_DIR)
{
if (direction==0) spd_ref=10;
if (speed==10) direction=1; //only allow direction change at minimum speed
}
else
{
if (direction==1) spd_ref=10;
if (speed==10) direction=0; //only alow direction change at minimum speed
}
if (spd_ref>speed) speed++;
if (spd_ref<speed) speed--;
if (speed<10) speed=10; //the minimum speed
//in next reading we again read this channel because there are no other analog channels used
analog_channel=0;
ADMUX=0x60;
}
ADCSRA|=(1<<ADSC);
}
int main()
{
//Set ATmega8 fuses to 8MHz, internal RC
//Hardware cosist of ATMega8 microcontroller, 6xIRF840 MOSFET (3 halfbridges)
//wait a bit, cca 300ms, for easier programming
//(otherwise programmer has problems downloading)
WaitLoop(30000);
//program IO pins of the ATMega8 microcontroller
//D0 - reset hold (can be kept high to ensure high level on reset pin C6)
//D1 - not used
//D2 - not used
//D3 - not used
//D4 - not used
//D5 - not used
//D6 - not used
//D7 - not used
DDRD=(unsigned char)0xF8;
//B0 - not used (ICR1 is modified if this bit is changed)
//B1 - PWM_R
//B2 - PWM_S
//B3 - PWM_T (MOSI SPI)
//B4 - not used (MISO SPI)
//B5 - not used (SCK SPI)
//B6 - not used (always +5V)
//B7 - not used
DDRB=(unsigned char)0x0E;
//C0 - programable input 1 (speed reference - inverted analog input, +5V=min speed, 0V=max speed)
//C1 - programable input 2 (jog - digital input, active low)
//C2 - programable input 3 (run signal - digital input, active low)
//C3 - programable input 4 (rotation direction - digital input, active low)
//C4 - LED output
//C5 - enable output
//C6 - RESET
DDRC=(unsigned char)0x30;
//enable pull-up resistors on inputs 1, 2, 3 & 4
//note: this is nasty, it would be better if we have external pull-down resistors for analog inputs
// because now we have to use analog input in inverted way (+5V=min speed, 0V=max speed) so that
// the motor slows down if the wire disconnects
PORTC|=0x0F;
INVERTOR_DISABLE;
//LED test (0.3 sec)
LED_ON;
WaitLoop(30000);
LED_OFF;
//configuring ADC (trigger mode)
ADMUX=0x60; //AVcc for reference, right aligned, mux=ADC0
ADCSRA=0xC7; //ADC frequency (62.5kHz), results in 4.8kHz sampling rate
//wait one more milisecond
WaitLoop(100);
TCCR0A |= _BV(COM0A1) | _BV(COM0B0) | _BV(COM0B1) | _BV(WGM00);
TCCR0B |= _BV(CS01); //preskaler 8
TIMSK0 |= _BV(TOIE0); //flaga od wartosci 0 wlaczona
//timer1 init
TCCR1A |= _BV(COM1A1) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(WGM10);
TCCR1B |= _BV(CS11); //preskaler 8
//timer2 init
TCCR2A |= _BV(COM2A1) | _BV(COM2B0) | _BV(COM2B1) | _BV(WGM20);
TCCR2B |= _BV(CS21); //preskaler 8
//zerowanie wartosci liczników
//TCNT0 = 0;
//TCNT1L = 0;
//TCNT2 = 0;
//Programming PWM_R and PWM_S
//OCR1A=0x00;
//OCR1B=0x00;
//TCCR1A=0xA1; //D10 OC1A and OC1B used, phase correct PWM, 8bit D10
//TCCR1B=0x03; //D9 1:1 prescaller - 15kHz PWM D9
//Programming PWM_T
//OCR2=0x00;
//TCCR2=0x64; //phase correct PWM, no prescaller - 15kHz PWM
//configuring timer 0
TCNT0=0x00; //timer set to start value
TCCR0A|=0x04; //timer/counter 0 input frequency divider set to /8 (that is, 1MHz)
TIMSK0|=0x01; //timer/counter 0 interrupt enabled
SREG|=0x80; //global interrupt enabled
speed=10; //2.5 Hz
//OCR1A=128;
//OCR1B=128;
//OCR2=128;
unsigned char led_cntr=0;
while (1)
{
int i;
if ((INPUT_RUN) || (INPUT_JOG))
{
if (led_cntr>16) LED_OFF else LED_ON //we just make short blinks to save power
led_cntr++;
//The VFfactor defines VF curve (how V depends on speed)
//int VFfactor=(int)speed+180; //?????????? ???? +18 ??????? +180 This setting is for asynchronous motor in delta connection (230VAC delta / 400VAC star)
int VFfactor=speed/2+14; //?????????? ???? 4/+15 this settign is for 200VAC servo motor with permanent magnet
if (VFfactor>255) VFfactor=255;
//computing PWM ratios (as we have nothing else to do, this is not optimized)
for (i=0;i<64;i++)
{
int A=sin_table[i];
if (A>127) A=-256+A; //wow! how come I cannot cast char to int?
A=A*VFfactor;
A=A/256;
A+=128+6;
if (A>250) A=250; //because signal delay, we cannot actually create very short impulses
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i]=A;
pwm_table[127-i]=A;
SREG|=0x80;
A=255-A;
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i+128]=A;
pwm_table[255-i]=A;
SREG|=0x80;
}
INVERTOR_ENABLE;
}
else
{
INVERTOR_DISABLE;
OCR1A=128;
OCR1B=128;
OCR2A=128;
OCR0A=128;
OCR0B=128;
OCR2B=128;
for (i=0;i<255;i++)
{
SREG&=0x7F;
pwm_table[i]=128;
SREG|=0x80;
}
led_cntr=0;
LED_OFF;
speed=10;
}
ReadAnalogs();
}
}
//??????????????????? ??????????? 5 ???
// DDS Sine Generator 3 phase motor x5 mit ATMEGA 2560 PWM 4KHZ
#include "arduino.h" //Store data in flash (program) memory instead of SRAM
#include "avr/pgmspace.h"
#include "avr/io.h"
const byte sine256[] PROGMEM = {
127,130,133,136,139,143,146,149,152,155,158,161,164,167,170,173,176,178,181,184,187,190,192,195,198,200,203,205,208,210,212,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,233,234,236,238,239,240,
242,243,244,245,247,248,249,249,250,251,252,252,253,253,253,254,254,254,254,254,254,254,253,253,253,252,252,251,250,249,249,248,247,245,244,243,242,240,239,238,236,234,233,231,229,227,225,223,
221,219,217,215,212,210,208,205,203,200,198,195,192,190,187,184,181,178,176,173,170,167,164,161,158,155,152,149,146,143,139,136,133,130,127,124,121,118,115,111,108,105,102,99,96,93,90,87,84,81,78,
76,73,70,67,64,62,59,56,54,51,49,46,44,42,39,37,35,33,31,29,27,25,23,21,20,18,16,15,14,12,11,10,9,7,6,5,5,4,3,2,2,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,23,25,27,29,31,
33,35,37,39,42,44,46,49,51,54,56,59,62,64,67,70,73,76,78,81,84,87,90,93,96,99,102,105,108,111,115,118,121,124
};
#define cbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) &= ~_BV(bit)) //define a bit to have the properties of a clear bit operator
#define sbi(sfr, bit) (_SFR_BYTE(sfr) |= _BV(bit))//define a bit to have the properties of a set bit operator
int PWM1= 2;// PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM2 = 3; //[WM2 ouput, phase 2
int PWM3 = 4; //PWM3 output, phase 3
int PWM4= 5;// PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM5 = 6; //[WM2 ouput, phase 2
int PWM6 = 7; //PWM3 output, phase 3
int PWM7 = 8;// PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM8 = 9; //[WM2 ouput, phase 2
int PWM9 = 10; //PWM3 output, phase 3
int PWM10 = 11;// PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM11 = 12; //[WM2 ouput, phase 2
int PWM12 = 13; //PWM3 output, phase 3
int PWM13 = 44;// PWM1 output, phase 1
int PWM14 = 45; //[WM2 ouput, phase 2
int PWM15 = 46; //PWM3 output, phase 3
int offset_1 = 85; //offset 1 is 120 degrees out of phase with previous phase, Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int offset_2 = 170; //offset 2 is 120 degrees out of phase with offset 1. Refer to PWM to sine.xls
int program_exec_time = 52; //monitor how quickly the interrupt trigger
int ISR_exec_time = 53; //monitor how long the interrupt takes
double dfreq;
const double refclk=31376.6; // measured output frequency
// variables used inside interrupt service declared as voilatile
volatile byte current_count; // Keep track of where the current count is in sine 256 array
volatile byte ms4_delay; //variable used to generate a 4ms delay
volatile byte c4ms; // after every 4ms this variable is incremented, its used to create a delay of 1 second
volatile unsigned long phase_accumulator; // pahse accumulator
volatile unsigned long tword_m; // dds tuning word m, refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
void setup()
{
pinMode(PWM1, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM2, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PWM4, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM5, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM6, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM7, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM8, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM9, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PWM10, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM11, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM12, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PWM13, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM14, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(PWM15, OUTPUT);
pinMode(50, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(52, OUTPUT); //sets the digital pin as output
pinMode(53, OUTPUT);
sbi(PORTB,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
Setup_timer0();
Setup_timer1();
Setup_timer2();
Setup_timer3();
Setup_timer4();
Setup_timer5();
//Disable Timer 1 interrupt to avoid any timing delays
cbi (TIMSK0,TOIE0); //disable Timer0 !!! delay() is now not available
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //enable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*dfreq/refclk; //calulate DDS new tuning word
}
void loop()
{
while(1)
{
sbi(PORTB,program_exec_time); //Sets the pin
if (c4ms > 0) // c4ms = 4ms, thus 4ms *250 = 1 second delay
{
c4ms=0; //Reset c4ms
//dfreq=map(analogRead(0),0,1230,0,1000);
dfreq=map(analogRead(0),0,1023,0,1000); //Read voltage on analog 1 to see desired output frequency, 0V = 0Hz, 5V = 1.023kHz
cbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Disable Timer2 Interrupt
tword_m=pow(2,32)*dfreq/refclk; //Calulate DDS new tuning word
sbi (TIMSK2,TOIE2); //Enable Timer2 Interrupt
}
}
}
void Setup_timer0(void)
{
TCCR0B = (TCCR0B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;
// Timer1 PWM Mode set to Phase Correct PWM
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0A0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0A1);
cbi (TCCR0A, COM0B0);
sbi (TCCR0A, COM0B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR0A, WGM00);
cbi (TCCR0A, WGM01);
}
void Setup_timer1(void)
{
TCCR1B = (TCCR1B & 0b11111000) |0x02;
// Timer1 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1A0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1A1);
cbi (TCCR1A, COM1B0);
sbi (TCCR1A, COM1B1);
sbi (TCCR1A, WGM10);
cbi (TCCR1A, WGM11);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM12);
cbi (TCCR1B, WGM13);
}
void Setup_timer2()
{
TCCR2B = (TCCR2B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;// Timer2 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2A0); // clear Compare Match
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2A1);
cbi (TCCR2A, COM2B0);
sbi (TCCR2A, COM2B1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR2A, WGM20);
cbi (TCCR2A, WGM21);
cbi (TCCR2B, WGM22);
}
void Setup_timer3(void)
{
TCCR3B = (TCCR3B & 0b11111000) |0x02;// Timer1 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR3A, COM3A0);
sbi (TCCR3A, COM3A1);
cbi (TCCR3A, COM3B0);
sbi (TCCR3A, COM3B1);
cbi (TCCR3A, COM3C0);
sbi (TCCR3A, COM3C1);
// Mode 1 / Phase Correct PWM
sbi (TCCR3A, WGM30);
cbi (TCCR3A, WGM31);
cbi (TCCR3B, WGM32);
cbi (TCCR3B, WGM33);
cbi (TCCR3C, WGM33);
cbi (TCCR3C, WGM33);
}
void Setup_timer4()
{
TCCR4B = (TCCR4B & 0b11111000) | 0x02;// Timer2 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR4A, COM4A0); // clear Compare Match
sbi (TCCR4A, COM4A1);
cbi (TCCR4A, COM4B0);
sbi (TCCR4A, COM4B1);
cbi (TCCR4A, COM4C0);
sbi (TCCR4A, COM4C1);
sbi (TCCR4A, WGM40);
cbi (TCCR4A, WGM41);
cbi (TCCR4B, WGM42);
cbi (TCCR4C, WGM43);
cbi (TCCR4C, WGM43);
}
void Setup_timer5(void)
{
TCCR5B = (TCCR5B & 0b11111000) |0x02;// Timer1 Clock Prescaler to : 1
cbi (TCCR5A, COM5A0);
sbi (TCCR5A, COM5A1);
cbi (TCCR5A, COM5B0);
sbi (TCCR5A, COM5B1);
cbi (TCCR5A, COM5C0);
sbi (TCCR5A, COM5C1);
sbi (TCCR5A, WGM50);
cbi (TCCR5A, WGM51);
cbi (TCCR5B, WGM52);
cbi (TCCR5B, WGM53);
cbi (TCCR5C, WGM50);
}
ISR(TIMER2_OVF_vect)
{
cbi(PORTD,program_exec_time); //Clear the pin
sbi(PORTD,ISR_exec_time); // Sets the pin
phase_accumulator=phase_accumulator+tword_m; //Adds tuning M word to previoud phase accumulator. refer to DDS_calculator (from Martin Nawrath) for explination.
current_count=phase_accumulator >> 24; // use upper 8 bits of phase_accumulator as frequency information
//motor 1
OCR3B = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + current_count); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM
OCR3C = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_1)); // read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM1
OCR0B = pgm_read_byte_near(sine256 + (uint8_t)(current_count + offset_2));// read value fron ROM sine table and send to PWM, 120 Degree out of phase of PWM2
//motor 2
OCR3A = OCR3B;
OCR4A = OCR3C;
OCR4B = OCR0B;
//motor 3
OCR4C = OCR3B;
OCR2B = OCR3C;
OCR2A = OCR0B;
//motor 4
OCR1A = OCR3B;
OCR1B = OCR3C;
OCR0A = OCR0B;
//motor 5
OCR5A = OCR3B;
OCR5B = OCR3C;
OCR5C = OCR0B;
//increment variable ms4_delay every 4mS/125 = milliseconds 32uS
if(ms4_delay++ == 125)
{
c4ms++;
ms4_delay=0; //reset count
}
cbi(PORTD,ISR_exec_time); //Clear the pin
}
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